Resources and Publications

A large number of publications are being produced by the research. Some of these are available for download in PDF or Microsoft Word (.doc) format. You might need an external program to view the publications. Adobe Reader, a program for viewing PDF files, is freely available here. To download the files, right-click on the link and select "Save target as...".

The following files with books, film, papers and articles can be downloaded.

Book

"Himalayan Forest Ecosystem Services, Incorporating in national accounting" is the most recent book on the KTGAL's aim. The first approximations of values of Himalayan forest ecosystem services for temperate and tropical forests were estimated and reported in this book.

Book

"Reducing Carbon Emissions Through Community-managed Forests in the Himalaya" in this book some field studies in India and Nepal show how communities can carry out the measurements needed to calculate carbon sequestration, the basis for calculating the impact of avoiding deforestation, as well. It was shown that by including ‘avoided deforestation’ in climate change policy will not only help the global climate, it will provide a way for millions of poor people in developing countries to benefit directly, and will help stop the destruction of forests and encourage further conservation.

Banskota, K.; Karky, B.S; Skutsch, M. 2007. Reducing Carbon Emissions Through Community-managed Forests in the Himalaya. International Centre for Integrated Mountain Development (ICIMOD), Nepal. 95p. ISBN: 978-92-9115-058-8. Author : Banskota, K.; Karky, B.S; Skutsch, M. Physical description : 95p. Publisher : International Centre for Integrated Mountain Development (ICIMOD), Nepal Publication Date : 2007 Language : English ISBN : 978-92-9115-058-8 E-files : PDF Complete file : English

Book

"Community forest management as a carbon mitigation option: case studies" is a book, which includes six case studies from this project and a further seven from afforestation and reforestation projects in Philippines and Indonesia.

Murdiyarso, D.; Skutsch, M. 2006. Community forest management as a carbon mitigation option: case studies. Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR), Bogor, Indonesia. 125p. ISBN: 979-24-4660-5. Author : Murdiyarso, D.; Skutsch, M. Physical description : 125p. Publisher : Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR), Bogor, Indonesia. Publication Date : 2006 Language : English ISBN : 979-24-4660-5 E-files : PDF Complete file : English (size 2.6 MB)

Both books can be downloaded above.

"Community forest management as a carbon mitigation option: case studies" can also be obtained free of charge either from CIFOR or from the TSD

Please contact: Communication Unit
Communication Unit
Center for International Forestry Research
Jl. CIFOR, Situ Gede, Sindang Barang, Bogor Barat 16680, Indonesia.
Tel.: +62 (251) 622622; Fax: +62 (251) 622100; E-mail: cifor@cgiar.org

or

Technology and Sustainable Development section
University of Twente
PO Box 217, 7500AE Enschede, The Netherlands
Tel.: +31 (0)53 4893538; Fax: + 31 (0)53 4893087
Email: communit@communitycarbonforestry.org

Film

A short (8 minutes) film describing the work of the project can be viewed.
Video: Community forest management against carbon emissions from tropical forest degradation (mpg file)

Papers and articles

Margaret M. Skutsch (2008) In REDD, the second D is for Degradation. Download:

Lovett, Jon and Skutsch, Margaret (2008) Having our climate cake and eating it: Reduced Emissions from Deforestation and Degradation. RCS Advancing the Chemical Science website. Download:

Margaret M. Skutsch and Eveline Trines (2008) Report from the UNFCCC meeting in Bali. Afr. J. Ecol., 46, PP 1-2. Download:

Zahabu, E., Skutsch M., Sosovele H., Malimbwi, R.E. (2007) Reduced emissions from deforestation and
degradation. Afr. J. Ecol., 45, PP 451–453. Download:

Zahabu, E., Jambiya, G. (2007) Community based forest management and carbon payments: Real possibilities for poverty reduction? The Arc Journal issue 21, PP 25-27. Download:

Minang, P. A., McCall, M.K., Skutsch, M., Verplanke J.J. (2007) A data support infrastructure for Clean Development Mechanism forestry implementation: an inventory perspective from Cameroon. Mitig Adapt Strat Glob Change, DOI 10.1007/s11027-007-9084-7. Download:

Minang, P. A., Bressers, H.Th.A., Skutsch, M., McCall, M.K. (2007) National forest policy as a platform for biosphere carbon management: the case of community forestry in Cameroon. Environmental Science & Policy 10, PP 204-218. Download:

Schlamadinger, B., Bird, N., Johns, T., Brown, S., Canadell, J., Ciccarese, L., Dutschke, M., Fiedler, J., Fischlin, A., Fearnside, P., Forner, C., Freibauer, A., Frumhoff, P., Hoehne, N., Kirschbaum, M.U.F., Labat, A., Marland, G., Michaelowa, A., Montanarella, L., Moutinho, O., Murdiyarso, D., Pena, N., Pingoud, K., Rakonczay, Z., Rametsteiner, E., Rock, J., Sanz, M.J., Schneider, U.A., Shvidenko, A., Skutsch, M., Smith, P., Somogyi, Z., Trines, E., Ward, M.D, Yamagata, Y. (March 2007) A synopsis of land use, land-use change and forestry
(LULUCF) under the Kyoto Protocol and Marrakech Accords. Environmental Science & Policy 10, PP 271-282. Download :

Skutsch, S., Bird, N., Trines, E., Dutschke, M., Frumhoff, P., de Jong, V., van Laake, P., Masera, O., Murdiyarso, D. (March 2007) Clearing the way for reducing emissions from tropical deforestation. Environmental Science & Policy 10, PP 322-334. Download:

Murdiyarso, D., Skutsch, M. (2006) Community forest management as a carbon mitigation option: case studies. Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR), Bogor, Indonesia. 125p. ISBN: 979-24-4660-5.
Download:

Karky, B.S., Banskota, K. (2006) Constraints Faced by Community Managed Forests in Qualifying under the Kyoto Protocol. In McNeely, J.A., McCarthy, T.M., Smith, A., Olsvig-Whittaker, L., Wikramanayake, E.D. Conservation Biology in Asia December 2006. Download: or

Tewari, A., Phartiyal P. (2006) The Carbon Market as an Emerging Livelihood Opportunity for Communities of the Himalaya. Newsletter of the International Centre for Integrated Mountain Development. Download:

Banskota, K., Dahal N. (2006) Saving Global Carbon Benefit Local Communities in the Himalaya. Newsletter of the International Centre for Integrated Mountain Development. Download:

Trines, E., Höhne, N., Jung, M., Skutsch, M., Petsonk, A., Silva-Chavez, G., Smith, P., Nabuurs, G.J., Verweij, P., Schlamadinger, P. (October 2006) Integrating Agriculture, Forestry and Other Land Use in Future Climate Regimes. Report Number 500102002 under the “Climate Change Scientific Assessment and Policy Analysis” Research Fund. Download:

Skutsch, M. (2006). Can Carbon Income Combat Forest Degradation? Community Forest Management for Climate Mitigation and Poverty Alleviation. Rationale and case studies. Working paper, KYOTO: Think Global, Act Local project. Download: or

Skutsch, M., Bird N., Trines E., Dutschke M., Frumhoff P., De Jong B., Van Laake P., Masera O. and Murdiyarso D. (2006) Clearing the way for reducing emissions from tropical deforestation. Environmental Science and Policy, in press. Download:

Minang, P.A., McCall, M.K. (2006) Participatory GIS and local knowledge enhancement for community carbon forestry planning: an example from Cameroon. PLA notes, vol. 54. Download:

Verplanke, J.J. (2005) Mobile GIS and local knowledge in monitoring carbon stocks. ICT update August. Download: or

Minang, P.A., McCall, M.K. (2005) Assessing participatory GIS for community-based natural resource management: claiming community forests in Cameroon. Geographical Journal vol 171, no. 4. Download:

Karky, Bhaskar S. (2005) Who Will Grow Forest, Bring Benefit And Save The Earth? Habitat Himalaya, vol12, no. 1. Download:

Zahabu, E., Malimbwi, R.E. and Ngaga, Y. (2005) Payments for Environmental Services as Incentive Opportunities for Catchment Forest Reserves Management in Tanzania. Paper presented to the Tanzania Association of Foresters Meeting held at Karimjee Hall, Dar es Salaam, November 2005. Download: or

Skutsch, M. (2005) Reducing Carbon Transaction Costs in Community Based Forestry Management. Climate Policy 5, pp 433 - 443. Download:

Ba, L. (2004) Sustainable Development Indicators for Community Forest Management in West Africa: some thoughts. Download: or

Benktesh D. S., Bhaskar S.K., Ngamindra D., Nawaraj C. and Binod, B. (2004) Prospects and challenges in bringing Nepali Community Forestry under Kyoto Protocol's carbon trading regime. Paper presented to the 4th national Workshop "Community Forestry: 25 Years of Community Contributing to Millenium Development Goals, August 4-6. Download: or

Skutsch, M. (2003) Community Based Forest Management as a Climate Strategy with carbon as a non-timber forest product. Paper distributed at UNFCCC CoP9, Milan, December. Download: or

Junior research projects

Several young researchers are attached to the project and are carrying out research studies at the University of Twente and ITC. For further information on these, please contact the project directly.

The topics are as follows:

This looks at the question: who will benefit from selling carbon when it becomes an economic commodity, that is, if an when community forest management is accepted as a strategy under the Clean Development Mechanism. In exploring this, ownership issues are being analyzed both from a national and an international legal perspective, as well as from the standpoint of customary law. After considering the question of who is likely to benefit, the thesis takes the normative position that as a matter of equity, a large share of the benefits should flow to the communities who actually manage the forests. In this, it will build on Southern perspectives of environmental justice, as expressed for example by Ikeme (2003) and Najam (2003a, 2003b).

Karky, Bhaskar S. (Nepal) "Equity and Access to Climate Funds in Nepal under the Kyoto Protocol".

This research project explores whether the sustainable development objectives of CDM are likely to be met by CDM projects in the area of community forestry and small scale renewable energy. It is taking two case study areas in the Annapurna Conservation Area where such activities are already in progress, although they were not planned with climate objectives in mind. The research will assess to what extent CDM status would change the requirements on such projects, including the social, technical and economic aspects.

Zahabu E. (Tanzania) "Community Forest Management in Tanzania for Global Climate Mitigation and Rural Poverty Alleviation."

This study looks into ways in which poor, rural communities in Tanzania might link to the international climate change process through management of forests for multiple uses/ In particular, it is concerned with the development of simple ways of forest mensuration which could be carried out by rural communities themselves, to record the annual increase in carbon levels. At the same time this methodology must produce accurate and reliable results in order for them to be accepted internationally. Fieldwork is based in five sites in Tanzania and one in Uganda.

Minang, Peter (Cameroon) "Community Forests and Carbon management in Cameroon: Integrating Local Stakes into the Kyoto Protocol through Collaborative Planning Methods".

This research concerns PGIS supported collaborative planning methods for carbon management planning in natural forests in Cameroon. It will involve a multi-scale compatibility analysis of information requirements, and of local level capacity to meet these needs. The main CDM criteria aspects dealt with are forest/landuse dynamics in the baseline scenario development, leakage, development impact and competence. The research is now complete and downloaded from the "resources and publications" section of this website (papers with first author Minang). For a complete copy of the thesis please contact mccall@itc.nl.